Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences, December 2024, Vol. 18, No. 4
Exploring the Role of Hunting Cooperation, and Fear in a Prey-Predator Model with Two Age Stages
Ibrahim, L. R. and Bahlool, D. K.
Corresponding Email: [email protected]
Received date: 13 April 2024
Accepted date: 8 July 2024
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to utilize the behavior of a mathematical model consisting of three-species with Lotka Volterra functional response with incorporating of fear and hunting cooperation factors with both juvenile and adult predators. The existence of equilibrium points of the system was discussed the conditions with variables. The behavior of model referred by local stability in nearness of any an equilibrium point and the conditions for the method of approximating the solution has been studied locally. We define a suitable Lyapunov function that covers every element of the nonlinear system and illustrate that it works. The effect of the death factor was observed in some periods, leading to non-stability. To confirm the theoretical findings, practical validation was conducted using a numerical simulation implemented in Mathematica software to prove the validity of what has been proven.
Keywords: hunting cooperation; functional response; fear; Lyapunov function
